Sources of Irreversibility
Irreversible Processes
:processes in which the system and its surroundings cannot be simultaneously returned to their initial states after the process has been completed.
Sources of Irreversibility
:Heat transfer through a finite temperature difference
Friction
Unrestrained or fast expansion or compression of a fluid
Mixing of two different substances
Spontaneous chemical reactions
Electric current flowing through a finite resistance
Inelastic deformation of solids
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